While there is no single solution to address all security challenges, one technology that can significantly aid in resolving many issues is cryptography, though it is not always implemented correctly by companies. The first part of this section examines various cryptographic concepts and their role in securing an organization’s assets. In the second half, the focus shifts to prevention technologies such as firewalls and intrusion prevention systems, which block adversaries from accessing the organization. Additionally, detection technologies like intrusion detection systems are explored to identify the presence of an adversary. These prevention and detection methods can be applied from both network and endpoint perspectives, and the course explores their similarities and differences.